The LEZ, an asset for our health
The aim of the LEZ (Low Emission Zone) is to reduce the exposure of Brussels residents to air pollution by restricting the movement of the most polluting vehicles. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), poor air quality increases the risk of:
- respiratory diseases (asthma, bronchitis, respiratory tract irritation);
- cardiovascular disease
- strokes
- lung cancer
These effects have a greater impact on the most vulnerable groups (the elderly and/or those with underlying health conditions, and young children). In the Brussels-Capital Region, estimates for 2024 indicate that exposure to air pollution has resulted in*:
- 298 premature deaths linked to fine particulate matter (PM2.5)
- 144 premature deaths due to nitrogen dioxide (NO₂
- 175 premature deaths associated with ozone (O₃)
(source: IRCELINE annual report).
How does the LEZ impact air quality?
Since its introduction on 1 January 2018, the LEZ has helped to significantly reduce pollution caused by road transport (estimates based on constant mileage):
- 55% reduction in nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions
- 33% reduction in PM2.5
- 62% reduction in black carbon
These improvements help to keep the concentration of NO2 in the air below the annual legal limit (40 μg/m³) in the Region. The LEZ timetable provides for the phasing out of diesel cars in 2030, and petrol cars in 2035. Other vehicle categories (vans, minibuses, buses, coaches, heavy goods vehicles, motorised two-wheelers) are subject to a specific timetable depending on their category.
Why ban euro 5 diesels after 2026?
Since 1 January 2026, Euro 5 diesel vehicles (cars and vans) have been banned from the LEZ. Although relatively new, these models are a significant source of air pollution in Brussels, where they are responsible for (source: remote sensing measurements, November 2021)
- around 40% of NOx emissions from cars
- around 50% of NOx emissions from vans
- NOx emissions five times higher than those of equivalent petrol models
To find out more, see our report ‘Ban on Euro 5 vehicles: emissions and benefits for air quality'.